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1 required horse power
- потребляемая мощность в л. с.
потребляемая мощность в л. с.
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[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > required horse power
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2 required horse power
потребляемая мощность в л. с.* * *• потребляемая мощность в л. с.• потребляемая мощность в л.с.Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > required horse power
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3 required horse power
1) Нефть: потребляемая мощность в л.с.2) Бурение: потребляемая мощность в л. с. -
4 required horse-power
Военный термин: требуемая мощность -
5 required horse power
потребная мощность в л. с.English-Russian dictionary of terms for geological exploration drilling > required horse power
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6 power
1. сила, мощность, энергия2. двигатель, мотор3. механический; работающий от привода4. автоматический; машинный; силовой; энергетический; моторный5. матем. степень6. приводить (в действие, в движение), вращать, служить приводным двигателемband wheel pumping power — групповой привод для глубинных насосов с горизонтальным шкивом (привод карусельного типа)
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1. сила, усилие; мощность; энергия; степень2. двигатель, мотор
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мощность; энергия; степень, показатель степени
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1) мощность2) энергия•power on bottomhole — забойная мощность;
- band wheel pumping powerpower used in actual drilling operations — мощность, расходуемая непосредственно на бурение
- bridging power
- cementation power
- central pumping power
- fluid power
- fluid drive power
- hoisting power
- holding power
- hydraulic power
- hydraulic bit power
- kerfing power
- lilting power
- oil power
- pellet power
- pumping power
- resistance power
- spring power
- supporting power
- traction power* * *• вращать• мотор -
7 power
1) сила
2) вальный
3) мощность
4) степенной
5) электропитающий
6) электросила
7) электросиловой
8) энергетика
9) энергетический
10) <engin.> питать
11) степень
12) показатель степени
13) энергия
14) власть
15) мощь
16) способность
17) степенный
18) <math.> мощность множества
– A-F power
– absorb power
– active power
– antenna power
– available power
– average power
– axiom of power
– base of the power
– base power
– brake power
– calorific power
– cementing power
– continuous power
– coupling power
– cut power
– design power
– desulphurizing power
– dissipated power
– dissipation power
– draugth power
– driving power
– echo-signal power
– electric power
– emergency power
– exchange power
– exponent of power
– filament power
– fourth power
– fractional power
– heater power
– horse power
– idling power
– indicated power
– input power
– instantaneous power
– landing power
– leakage power
– loss power
– maximum power
– moderating power
– noise power
– nominal power
– nuclear power
– odal power
– ouput power
– output power
– oxidation power
– peak power
– power amplification
– power amplifier
– power bay section
– power cable
– power capacitor
– power circuit
– power cleaver
– power conditions
– power conduit
– power consumption
– power contactor
– power cord
– power cultivator
– power cylinder
– power delivered
– power density
– power divider
– power drain
– power efficiency
– power electronics
– power engineer
– power engineering
– power facilities
– power factor
– power failure
– power feed
– power flux
– power function
– power gas
– power grader
– power grid
– power hack-saw
– power hammer
– power handling
– power house
– power imputs
– power input
– power is transmitted
– power isolator
– power klystron
– power level
– power levelling
– power line
– power load
– power loss
– power mean
– power meter
– power miser
– power of a point
– power of an engine
– power oil
– power pack
– power penetration
– power plant
– power press
– power pulser
– power pump
– power reactor
– power rectifier
– power reserve
– power residue
– power ringing
– power scraper
– power series
– power setting
– power shaft
– power shortage
– power slewing
– power source
– power spectrum
– power splitter
– power station
– power supply
– power switch
– power take-off
– power takeoff
– power thyristor
– power tool
– power transfer
– power transformer
– power transistor
– power transmission
– power trunk
– power unit
– power valve
– power water
– power wiring
– pump power
– purchasing power
– put out power
– radiating power
– raising to a power
– rated power
– reactive power
– reduced power
– required power
– resolving power
– saving of power
– shaft power
– short-circuit power
– signal power
– solar power
– sound power
– source power
– starting power
– supply power
– take-off power
– thermonuclear power
– to the second power
– total power
– tractive power
– trasnfer power
– turn on power
– turn up power
– under own power
– unit power
– useful power
absolute thermoelectric power — коэффициент термоэлектродвижущей силы
atomic power station — атомная станция, АЭС
auxiliary power requirements — расход энергии на собственные нужды
coal-burning power plant — электростанция на твердом топливе
distribution power transformer — трансформатор силовой линейный
electric power plant — силовая электроустановка, <engin.> электростанция
engine-propeller power plant — винтомоторная силовая установка
hydroelectric power plant — <energ.> гидростанция, гидроэлектростанция, гэс
industrial power association — <engin.> объединение производственное энергетическое
intelligent power management — интеллектуальное управление электропитанием
power flux density — <phys.> плотность потока мощности
power generating unit — <engin.> энергоблок
power per liter of displacement — <engin.> литровая мощность
power plant topping — <engin.> надстройка
power ringing generator — телефонный машинный индуктор, индуктор машинный
power supply unit — < radio> агрегат питания
propeller power coefficient — <phys.> коэффициент мощности винта
radio-frequency power amplifier — генератор с внешним возбуждением
unit power rating — <engin.> мощность удельная
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8 power
сила; мощность; энергия; производительность; степень; способность (см. ability, capability, capacity); II снабжать двигательной энергией; приводить (в движение); вращать; служить приводным двигателем; II энергетический; силовой; моторный; машинный- power absorption fan - power-actuated - power-assisted steering - power broom - power-broom drag - power-circulating gear testing machine - power circulation - power clutch - power curve - power-cut - power-drawn - power efficiency - power end - power engineering - power factor - power farming - power fluid - power gas - power of absorption - power off - power of gravity - power of work - power on - power-operated - power-operated sprayer - power-per-litre - power piston - power-plant - power-plant suspension - power proportioning differential - power pulley - power pump - power-raised ladder - power rating - power ratio - power reductor - power reserve - power saving - power section of turbo-power unit - power shaft - power shifting - power shovel - power spark - power station - power steering - power stroke - power supply - power supply unit - power take-off - power take-off opening - power take-off shifter arm - power-to-volume ratio - power-to-weight ratio - power train - power transmission - power-transmission plant - power truck - power turbine - power-turbine nozzle diaphragm - power tyre pump - power unit - power washer - power waste - power-weight ratio - ascensional power - carrying power - engine continuous brake power - engine gross power - engine intermittent brake power - fluid power - hydraulic power - idle power - impelling power - mass power - net power - peak power - pulling power - reflecting power - required power - resistance power - spring power - stand-by power - stopping power - supporting power - thermal power - tractive power - useful power - wasted power - weak-mixture power - yielded-up power -
9 power
1) мощность; энергия; сила, движущая сила || силовой; энергетический3) способность4) усиление; увеличение5) матем. степень6) приводить (в действие, в движение)•to rotate under power — вращать от механического привода, вращаться от механического привода
- acceleration powerto power up — включать питание; приводить в действие
- accumulating power
- active power
- adhesive power
- air power
- apparent power
- available power
- average power
- beam power
- belt power
- brake power
- braking power
- calculated power
- climbing power
- computational power
- computer power
- computing power
- cooling power
- cutter power
- cutting power
- decay power
- derived power
- disturbance power
- driving power
- effective power
- electric power
- elevating power
- estimated power
- fluid power
- generalized power
- gripping power
- gross power
- hogging power
- holding power
- hydraulic fluid power
- hydraulic power
- idle power
- input power
- installed machine power
- instantaneous power
- interference power
- lifting power
- light-gathering power
- line power
- machine power
- mass power
- mean power
- mechanical power
- motive power
- networking power
- normalized laser power
- operating power
- output power
- peak power
- pneumatic fluid power
- pneumatic power
- power of force
- power of motor
- propulsion power
- propulsive power
- pump power
- rated power
- required power
- reserve power
- resolving power
- retaining power
- rotational power
- shaft horse power
- specific accumulating power
- spindle power
- spring power
- starting power
- stopping power
- sustained power
- switching power
- tractive power
- useful power
- utility line power
- yielded-up power
- zero powerEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > power
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10 power
сокр. pwr•- available power - bearing power - caloric power - declared power - effective horse power - flame radiating power - full stop power - gross power - indicated power - input power - lifting power - maximum power - motive power - net power - oil power - power fluid - power plant - power stroke - propelling power rated power - real power - required power - reserve power - service power - solvent power - thermal power - traction power - useful power -
11 потребляемая мощность в л. с.
потребляемая мощность в л. с.
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[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > потребляемая мощность в л. с.
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12 требуемая мощность
1) Military: desired yield, required horse-power, required-power2) Engineering: horsepower requirement, hp requirement, objective power, power requirement3) Mechanics: power requirements4) Coolers: required horsepowerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > требуемая мощность
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13 потребляемая мощность в л. с.
Drilling: required horse powerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > потребляемая мощность в л. с.
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14 потребляемая мощность в л.с.
1) Oil: required horse power2) Coolers: absorbed horsepowerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > потребляемая мощность в л.с.
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15 мощност
power, capacity, horse-power; vigour(на машина) duty(на трактор) tractive force(на глас) volume(на радио) sound output(производителност) output(на пласт, жила, залеж) мин. width, depthакустична/звукова мощност acoustic/sound powerексплоатационна мощност service powerелектрическа мощност electric powerизлетна/стартова мощност ав. maximum take-off power, ам. take-off power/ratingинсталирана мощност installed capacityмощност на излъчването emissive/radiation/radiated powerнеобходима мощност required powerотносителна мощност specific capacityтеглителна мощност traction, tensibie force; propulsive/traction power; tow rope horsepowerав. thrust powerпроизводствени мощности production capacitiesс голяма мощност (за машина) тех. heavy-duty (attr.)с малка- мощност (за машина) тех. light-duty (attr.)с пълна/половин мощност at full/half power* * *мо̀щност,ж., -и power, capacity, horse-power; vigour; (на машина) duty; (на трактор) tractive force; (на глас) volume; (на радио) sound output; ( производителност) output; (на пласт, жила, залеж) миньорск. width, depth; валова \мощност shaft/horse power; видима \мощност ел. apparent power; входяща \мощност ел. input power, (power) input; върхова \мощност ел. (on-)peak power; гарантирана \мощност firm capacity; експлоатационна \мощност service power; загубена \мощност dissipated power; излетна/стартова \мощност авиац. maximum take-off power, амер. take-off power/rating; изходяща \мощност ел. output power, (power) output; инсталирана \мощност installed capacity; литрова \мощност power per litre of displacement; \мощност на излъчването emissive/radiation/radiated power; недостатъчна \мощност undercapacity; необходима \мощност required power; номинална \мощност rated/nominal output; rated power; installed/power rating; относителна \мощност specific capacity; полезна \мощност useful/net/real power, available capacity; приведена \мощност corrected power; производствени \мощности production capacities; с голяма \мощност (за машина) техн. heavy-duty (attr.); с малка \мощност (за машина) техн. low-powered, light-duty (attr.); с пълна \мощност at full power; теглителна \мощност traction, tensible force; propulsive/traction power; tow rope horsepower; авиац. thrust power; топлинна \мощност calori(fi)c/heat power, heating capacity.* * *force; output; power: apparent мощност - привидна мощност; strength; vigour* * *1. (на глас) volume 2. (на машина) duty 3. (на пласт, жила, залеж) мин. width, depth 4. (на радио) sound output 5. (на трактор) tractive force 6. (производителност) output 7. power, capacity, horse-power;vigour 8. МОЩНОСТ на излъчването emissive/radiation/radiated power 9. ав. thrust power 10. активна МОЩНОСТ active/real power 11. акустична/ звукова МОЩНОСТ acoustic/sound power 12. валова МОЩНОСТ shaft/horse power 13. видима МОЩНОСТ ел. apparent power 14. входяща МОЩНОСТ ел. input power, (power) input 15. върхова МОЩНОСТ eл. (on-)peak power 16. експлоатационна МОЩНОСТ service power 17. електрическа МОЩНОСТ electric power 18. ефективна МОЩНОСТ actual/effective horse power 19. загубена МОЩНОСТ dissipated power 20. излетна/стартова МОЩНОСТ ав. maximum take-off power, ам. take-off power/rating 21. изходяща МОЩНОСТ ел. output power, (power) output 22. инсталирана МОЩНОСТ installed capacity 23. литрова МОЩНОСТ power per litre of displacement 24. моментна МОЩНОСТ ел. instantaneous /momentary power 25. необходима МОЩНОСТ required power 26. номинална МОЩНОСТ rated/nominal output;rated power;installed/power rating 27. относителна МОЩНОСТ specific capacity 28. полезна МОЩНОСТ useful/net/thrust/real power, available capacity 29. приведена МОЩНОСТ corrected power 30. привидна МОЩНОСТ apparent power 31. производствени МОЩНОСТи production capacities 32. с голяма МОЩНОСТ (за машина) тех. heavy-duty (attr.) 33. с малка -МОЩНОСТ (за машина) тех. light-duty (attr.) 34. с пълна/половин МОЩНОСТ at full/half power 35. теглителна МОЩНОСТ traction, tensibie force;propulsive/traction power;tow rope horsepower 36. топлинна МОЩНОСТ calori(fi)c/heat power, heating capacity -
16 мощность
power
отношение работы к интервалу времени ее совершения. — the amount of work accompushed per unit of time.
-, активная (эл.) — power
- без впрыска (воды или водометаноловой смеси), номинальная (двиг.) — dry rating
-, безфорсажная (двиг.) — dry power /thrust/
-, введенная (включенная, передаваемая на трансмиссию несущей системы вертолета) — power он а range of main rotor speeds must be established with power on.
- в лошадиных силах (л.c.) — horsepower (hp)
-, взлетная — takeoff power
-, выведенная (выключенная, не передаваемая на трансмиссию несущей системы вертолета) — power off а range of main rotor speed is established in autorotative maneuver with power off.
-, выходная — output power
- генератора — generator power rating
- двигателя — engine power
-, идущая на преодоление индуктивного (аэродинамического) сопротивления — induced drag power
-, идущая на преодоление профильного сопротивления — profile drag power
-, избыточная — excess power
-, крейсерская — cruising power
- на валу — shaft power, power on shaft
- на валу (в л.с.) — shaft horsepower (shp)
- на валу, эквивалентная (в л.c.) — equivalent shaft horsepower (eshp)
- на единицу веса, удельная — horse power per unit weight
- на единицу площади — power per unit area
- на максимальном продолжительном режиме (двигателя) — maximum continuous power
- на полном газе — full throttle power
-, (или тяга), номинальная (двиг.) — rating rating is а designated limit of operating characteristics based on definite conditions.
-, номинальная (режим работы двигателя) — rated power
-, номинальная (эл.) — nominal rating, rated power
- облачного слоя — thickness of cloud
-, отбираемая на трансмиссию — transmission power input
each transmission power input must be tested at maximum torque.
-, отдаваемая — power output
-, (или тяга) паспортная (двиг.) — rating
-, пиковая — peak power
-, подводимая — input power
-, полезная — useful power
-, полная — total power
-, пониженная (двиг.) — de-rated power
условия работы двигателя на пониженной мощности дпя продления его срока службы. — the policy of operating engines at de-rated power settings to increase engine life.
-, потребляемая — power consumed
-, потребная — power required
-, приведенная (к стандартной атмосфере) — power based upon standard atmospheric conditions
- привода — driving power
-, производственная — production capacity
-, располагаемая — power available
- (или тяга) расчетная (двиг.) — rating, rated power /thrust/
-, реактивная (эл.) — reactive power
- с впрыском (двиг.) — wet rating
-, теоретическая — theoretical power
-, тормозная (в л.с.) — brake horsepower (bhp)
-, тяговая — thrust power
-, удельная — specific power
-, фактическая — actual power
-, чрезвычайная — emergency power
-, чрезвычайная, боевая — combat /war/ emergency power, war emergency rating
-, чрезвычайная взлетная — emergency takeoff power
-, эквивалентная (в л.с.) — equivalent horsepower
-, эффективная — effective power
(генератор) мощностью... квт — (generator) rated at... kw
выдавать м. — produce power
отбирать м. (на вал) — take off power (to shaft)
передавать м. — transmit power
развивать м. — develop power
форсировать м. — augment powerРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > мощность
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17 мощность
depth, capability, capacity, duty, power, (напр. пласта, залежи) thickness, watt, wattage* * *мо́щность ж.1. ( физическая величина) powerбольшо́й мо́щности — high-powerма́лой мо́щности — low-powerобме́ниваться [осуществля́ть обме́н] мощностя́ми ( между энергосистемами) — exchange power (between energy systems)отбира́ть мо́щность — take off powerответвля́ть (часть) мо́щности — tap some powerотдава́ть мо́щность — put out [deliver] powerпередава́ть мо́щность (напр. из каскада в каскад или в нагрузку) — transfer power (e. g., from stage to stage or to load)передава́ть мо́щность (по ли́нии) — transmit power (over a line)поглоща́ть мо́щность — absorb powerпо́лной мо́щности — full-powerмо́щность прохо́дит — power is transmittedчасть мо́щности рассе́ивается на, напр. ано́де, колле́кторе — some power is dissipated at, e. g., anode, collector2. мат. cardinality, cardinal number3. ( производственная) capacity4. ( горных пород) thicknessавари́йная мо́щность — emergency powerакти́вная мо́щность — active [true] powerба́зисная мо́щность — base powerбуксиро́вочная мо́щность мор. — tow-rope horse powerмо́щность вагоноопроки́дывателя — tonnage of a car dumperвзлё́тная мо́щность — take-off powerмо́щность в и́мпульсе рлк. — peak (pulse) powerмо́щность в лошади́ных си́лах — horse-powerмо́щность возбужде́ния ( генераторной лампы) — driving powerмо́щность вскры́ши горн. — thickness of stripping, cover thicknessвходна́я мо́щность — input powerвыходна́я мо́щность — output power, power outputвыходна́я, номина́льная мо́щность ( радиоприёмника) — maximum undistorted outputмо́щность дви́гателя — power [rating] of an engineмо́щность дви́гателя, литро́вая мор. — power-to-volume ratioдли́тельная мо́щность — continuous powerмо́щность до́зы облуче́ния — dose [dosage] rateдопусти́мая мо́щность — power-carrying capacityдопусти́мая, максима́льно мо́щность — overload capacityедини́чная мо́щность — (single-)unit powerмо́щность зажига́ния резона́нсного разря́дника — firing powerмо́щность защи́тного устро́йства, поро́говая — break-down powerмо́щность зву́ка — sound [acoustic] powerмо́щность излуче́ния — radiating [emissive] powerиндика́торная мо́щность — indicated powerмо́щность исто́чника — source strength, source powerка́жущаяся мо́щность — apparent powerкоммути́руемая мо́щность ( магнитоуправляемого контакта) — power handlingмо́щность коро́ткого замыка́ния — short-circuit powerмо́щность котла́ — boiler capacityкрюкова́я мо́щность ( трактора) — draught powerмаксима́льная мо́щность — maximum (output) powerмаксима́льная, продолжи́тельная мо́щность ав. — maximum continuous powerмгнове́нная мо́щность — instantaneous powerмо́щность мно́жества — cardinality [cardinal number] of a setмо́щность на валу́ — shaft power, shaft outputмо́щность на зажи́мах генера́тора — generator terminal output, generator terminal capacityмо́щность на испыта́нии мор. — trial horse-powerмо́щность нака́чки — pump(ing) powerмо́щность на му́фте — coupling powerмо́щность на приводно́м валу́ — power at the drive shaftмо́щность на режи́ме ма́лого га́за ав. — idling powerмо́щность на режи́ме ма́лого га́за, назе́мная ав. — ground idling powerмо́щность на режи́ме ма́лого га́за, полё́тная ав. — flight idling powerмо́щность на согласо́ванной нагру́зке — matched-load powerмо́щность несу́щей — carrier outputномина́льная мо́щность — rated power, power ratingмо́щность облуче́ния — exposure [irradiation] rateотдава́емая мо́щность — power deliveredмо́щность отражё́нного сигна́ла рлк. — echo-signal powerпарази́тная мо́щность — parasitic lossesмо́щность пи́ка — peak powerмо́щность пита́ния — supply powerмо́щность пласта́ — thickness of a seam, seam thicknessмо́щность пласта́, поле́зная вынима́емая — useful worked thickness of a seamмо́щность пласта́, по́лная — full [total] thickness of a seamмо́щность пласта́, рабо́чая — working thickness of a seamпоглоща́емая мо́щность изм. — terminating powerподводи́мая мо́щность — power inputмо́щность подогре́ва — heater powerполе́зная мо́щность1. useful [net] power2. net capacityпо́лная мо́щность — total [gross] powerпоса́дочная мо́щность ав. — landing powerмо́щность пото́ка — rate of flowпотребля́емая мо́щность — demand, power consumptionпотребля́емая мо́щность в ва́ттах — watt consumption, wattageпотре́бная мо́щность — required powerпрое́ктная мо́щность — design outputпроизво́дственная мо́щность — (productive) capacityпроизво́дственная мо́щность по вы́плавке ста́ли в сли́тках — ingot capacityпроизво́дственная мо́щность по произво́дству се́рной кислоты́ — productive capacity for sulphuric acidпроизво́дственная мо́щность ша́хты — productive capacity of a mine, output of a mineпроса́чивающаяся мо́щность — leakage powerпроходя́щая мо́щность — feed-through powerпускова́я мо́щность — starting powerрабо́чая мо́щность — operating powerмо́щность радиоприё́мника, выходна́я — receiver outputмо́щность радиоприё́мника, выходна́я норма́льная — normal test output of a receiverразрывна́я мо́щность — breaking [rupturing] capacityрасполага́емая мо́щность — available [disposable] powerрассе́иваемая мо́щность — dissipated powerмо́щность рассе́яния — power dissipationмо́щность рассе́яния на ано́де — anode (power) dissipationмо́щность рассе́яния на колле́кторе — collector (power) dissipationрасчё́тная мо́щность — rated capacityреакти́вная мо́щность — reactive powerрезе́рвная мо́щность1. spare capacity2. эл. reserve power; рлк. standby powerсре́дняя мо́щность — average [mean] powerсре́дняя мо́щность непреры́вного излуче́ния рлк. — average CW powerмо́щность ста́нции — station capacityсумма́рная мо́щность1. total power2. aggregate capacityтеплова́я мо́щность — heat(ing) rating; beat output; thermal capacityмо́щность ти́па колеба́ний — modal powerтормозна́я мо́щность — brake horse-powerмо́щность турби́ны — turbine capacityмо́щность турби́ны, номина́льная — maximum continuous ratingмо́щность турби́ны, электри́ческая — generator output of a turbineтя́говая мо́щность1. авто tractive power2. мор. towrope horse-powerуде́льная мо́щность — power density, specific powerуде́льная мо́щность пе́чи — specific power ratingмо́щность устано́вки — plant capacityустано́вленная мо́щность — installed capacity, installed powerмо́щность уте́чки — leakage powerмо́щность холосто́го хо́да — shut-off capacityшумова́я мо́щность — noise powerшумова́я, относи́тельная мо́щность — noise ratioшумова́я, эквивале́нтная мо́щность — noise equivalent powerэлектри́ческая мо́щность — electric powerэффекти́вная мо́щность — effective horse-power* * * -
18 grade
A n1 Comm (of produce, article, goods) qualité f ; ( of egg) calibre m ; high-/low-grade de qualité supérieure/inférieure ; low-grade imitation/literature imitation/littérature médiocre ; small-/large-grade eggs œufs de petit/gros calibre ;2 Sch, Univ ( mark) note f (in en) ; to get good grades avoir de bonnes notes ; to get grade A ou an A grade ≈ avoir plus de 16 sur 20 ; what are the grades required to study medicine? quel est le niveau requis pour faire des études en médecine? ;3 ( in power structure) Admin échelon m ; Mil rang m ; senior-/low-grade employee employé/-e m/f d'un échelon supérieur/inférieur ; a top-grade civil servant un fonctionnaire de haut rang ; salary grade échelon m de salaire ;7 Agric ( in breeding) ( horse) demi-sang m ; ( cow) vache f de croisement ; ( sheep) mouton m de croisement.B vtr1 ( categorize) ( by quality) classer [produce, accommodation, amenities, results] (according to selon) ; ( by size) calibrer [eggs, fruit, potatoes] (according to selon) ;6 Civ Eng niveler [ground].C graded pp adj ( categorized) [tests, exercises] classé par ordre de difficulté ; [hotel] classé NN.to make the grade se montrer à la hauteur.▶ grade [sth] down abaisser [marks].▶ grade [sth] up relever [marks]. -
19 Maybach, Wilhelm
[br]b. 9 February 1846 Heilbronn, Württemberg, Germanyd. 14 December 1929 Stuttgart, Germany[br]German engineer and engine designer, inventor of the spray carburettor.[br]Orphaned at the age of 10, Maybach was destined to become one of the world's most renowned engine designers. From 1868 he was apprenticed as a draughtsman at the Briiderhaus Engineering Works in Reurlingen, where his talents were recognized by Gottlieb Daimler, who was Manager and Technical Director. Nikolaus Otto had by then developed his atmospheric engine and reorganized his company, Otto \& Langen, into Gasmotorenfabrik Deutz, of which he appointed Daimler Manager. After employment at a machine builders in Karlsruhe, in 1872 Maybach followed Daimler to Deutz where he worked as a partner on the design of high-speed engines: his engines ran at up to 900 rpm, some three times as fast as conventional engines of the time. Maybach made improvements to the timing, carburation and other features. In 1881 Daimler left the Deutz Company and set up on his own as a freelance inventor, moving with his family to Bad Cannstatt; in April 1882 Maybach joined him as Engineer and Designer to set up a partnership to develop lightweight high-speed engines suitable for vehicles. A motor cycle appeared in 1885 and a modified horse-drawn carriage was fitted with a Maybach engine in 1886. Other applications to small boats, fire-engine pumps and small locomotives quickly followed, and the Vee engine of 1890 that was fitted into the French Peugeot automobiles had a profound effect upon the new sport of motor racing. In 1895 Daimler won the first international motor race and the same year Maybach became Technical Director of the Daimler firm. In 1899 Emil Jellinek, Daimler agent in France and also Austro-Hungarian consul, required a car to compete with Panhard and Levassor, who had been victorious in the Paris-Bordeaux race; he wanted more power and a lower centre of gravity, and turned to Maybach with his requirements, the 35 hp Daimler- Simplex of 1901 being the outcome. Its performance and road holding superseded those of all others at the time; it was so successful that Jellinek immediately placed an order for thirty-six cars. His daughter's name was Mercedes, after whom, when the merger of Daimler and Benz came about, the name Mercedes-Benz was adopted.In his later years, Maybach designed the engine for the Zeppelin airships. He retired from the Daimler Company in 1907.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociety of German Engineers Grashof Medal (its highest honour). In addition to numerous medals and titles from technical institutions, Maybach was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Stuttgart Institute of Technology.Further ReadingF.Schidberger, Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Karl Benz, Stuttgart: Daimler Benz AG.1961, The Annals of Mercedes-Benz Motor Vehicles and Engines, 2nd edn, Stuttgart: Daimler Benz AG.E.Johnson, 1986, The Dawn of Motoring.KAB / IMcN -
20 Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew
[br]b. 25 March 1892 Kazan District, Russiad. 24 October 1980[br]Russian (naturalized American in 1932) electrical engineer responsible for the development of the professional tape recorder and the first commercially-successful video tape recorder (VTR).[br]Poniatoff was educated at the University of Kazan, the Imperial College in Moscow, and the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, gaining degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering. He was in Germany when the First World War broke out, but he managed to escape back to Russia, where he served as an Air Force pilot with the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Russian Revolution he was a pilot with the White Russian Forces, and escaped into China in 1920; there he found work as an assistant engineer in the Shanghai Power Company. In 1927 he immigrated to the USA, becoming a US citizen in 1932. He obtained a post in the research and development department of the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, and later at Dalmo Victor, San Carlos, California. During the Second World War he was involved in the development of airborne radar for the US Navy.In 1944, taking his initials to form the title, Poniatoff founded the AMPEX Corporation to manufacture components for the airborne radar developed at General Electric, but in 1946 he turned to the production of audio tape recorders developed from the German wartime Telefunken Magnetophon machine (the first tape recorder in the truest sense). In this he was supported by the entertainer Bing Crosby, who needed high-quality replay facilities for broadcasting purposes, and in 1947 he was able to offer a professional-quality product and the business prospered.With the rapid post-war boom in television broadcasting in the USA, a need soon arose for a video recorder to provide "time-shifting" of live TV programmes between the different US time zones. Many companies therefore endeavoured to produce a video tape recorder (VTR) using the same single-track, fixed-head, longitudinal-scan system used for audio, but the very much higher bandwidth required involved an unacceptably high tape-speed. AMPEX attempted to solve the problem by using twelve parallel tracks and a machine was demonstrated in 1952, but it proved unsatisfactory.The development team, which included Charles Ginsburg and Ray Dolby, then devised a four-head transverse-scan system in which a quadruplex head rotating at 14,400 rpm was made to scan across the width of a 2 in. (5 cm) tape with a tape-to-head speed of the order of 160 ft/sec (about 110 mph; 49 m/sec or 176 km/h) but with a longitudinal tape speed of only 15 in./sec (0.38 m/sec). In this way, acceptable picture quality was obtained with an acceptable tape consumption. Following a public demonstration on 14 April 1956, commercial produc-tion of studio-quality machines began to revolutionize the production and distribution of TV programmes, and the perfecting of time-base correctors which could stabilize the signal timing to a few nanoseconds made colour VTRs a practical proposition. However, AMPEX did not rest on its laurels and in the face of emerging competition from helical scan machines, where the tracks are laid diagonally on the tape, the company was able to demonstrate its own helical machine in 1957. Another development was the Videofile system, in which 250,000 pages of facsimile could be recorded on a single tape, offering a new means of archiving information. By 1986, quadruplex VTRs were obsolete, but Poniatoff's role in making television recording possible deserves a place in history.Poniatoff was President of AMPEX Corporation until 1955 and then became Chairman of the Board, a position he held until 1970.[br]Further ReadingA.Abrahamson, 1953, "A short history of television recording", Part I, JSMPTE 64:73; 1973, Part II, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 82:188 (provides a fuller background).Audio Biographies, 1961, ed. G.A.Briggs, Wharfedale Wireless Works, pp. 255–61 (contains a few personal details about Poniatoff's escape from Germany to join the Russian Navy).E.Larsen, 1971, A History of Invention.Charles Ginsburg, 1981, "The horse or the cowboy. Getting television on tape", Journal of the Royal Television Society 18:11 (a brief account of the AMPEX VTR story).KF / GB-NBiographical history of technology > Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew
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